Общие астрорасчеты
Visual limiting magnitude
Size of Airy disk
Mount Periodic Error
Star trail lengths
Auto Guider rates
Visual Limiting Magnitude
A rough formula for calculating visual limiting magnitude of a telescope is:
![VLM = 7.5 + (5 * Log(Aperture [cm]))](/sites/default/files/calc/formula15.png){kind=small}
The photographic limiting magnitude is approximately two or more magnitudes fainter than visual limiting magnitude.
Size of the Airy Disk
A formula for calculating the size of the Airy disk produced by a telescope is:
and
where:
D = Diameter of Airy disk in mm
λ = Wavelength of light (in mm here, normally in nm)
FR = Focal Ratio of system
A = Angular diameter of Airy disk in arcsec
fl = Focal length of telescope in mm
Calculating Mount Periodic Error
To calculate the periodic error of your mount using a CCD or webcam, you will typically put some numeric deviation data into a spreadsheet and create a graph. The data is normally in the form of a pixel offset and a timestamp. To convert this into an error in arc seconds you need to know how many arc seconds per pixel the images were captured, and the declination of the star used. The formula to plug into your spreadsheet is based on:
where:
D = Deviation of star from base position in pixels
R = Resolution of the camera in arc seconds per pixel
Dec = Declination of the star
Of course you can remove the requirement to use the declination in the calculation by using a star at (or close to) declination 0 degrees - the celestial equator.
Star Trail Lengths
You can use the calculator to estimate how long (or short) the star trails will be in a fixed camera image of the sky:
where:
F = Focal length of lens scope (trail length in same units as focal length)
E = Exposure length
T = Length of sidereal day in same units as exposure
D = Declination of the star
Or, for the CCD imagers:
Auto Guider Rates
Calculate how many pixels per second your auto-guider will move when the mount is being guided. Note that this assumes your auto-guiders axes are aligned with RA and Dec directions.
where:
str = Sidereal Tracking Rate (15.04 arcsecs/second)
gr = Mount Guide Rate (fraction of sidereal)
aspp = Autoguider arcsecs/pixel
dec = Declination of the star